Guides & Lessons

Personal allowance, basic, higher and additional rate for 2025/26.

Class 1, 2 and 4 NI contributions and thresholds.

Tax codes, cumulative vs week-1, emergency codes.

Who needs to file, deadlines, payments on account.

Relief at source vs net pay, annual and lifetime allowances.

How it works, what you can sacrifice, tax and NI savings.

Allowance, rates, and optimal salary/dividend split.

Annual exempt amount, rates, reliefs and reporting.

Nil-rate band, residence nil-rate band, gifts and trusts.

SDLT thresholds, first-time buyer relief, surcharges.

Thresholds, flat rate scheme, voluntary registration.

Small profits rate, main rate, marginal relief calculation.

Inside vs outside, CEST tool, status determination.

Rates, high-income charge, opting out.

Eligibility, how to apply, backdating claims.

Cash, stocks & shares, LISA, JISA allowances and rules.

How compounding works and why starting early matters.

Low-cost tracker funds, global diversification, platforms.

How ETFs work, accumulating vs distributing, costs.

Government gilts, corporate bonds, yield and duration.

Buy-to-let, HMOs, yields, financing strategies.

Buy, refurb, refinance, rent — step by step.

How much to save, where to keep it, best accounts.

50/30/20, zero-based, envelope system compared.

Snowball vs avalanche, balance transfer, consolidation.

Saving a deposit, HTB, shared ownership, mortgage tips.

Workplace, SIPP, drawdown, annuity options.

FIRE numbers, safe withdrawal rate, coast FI.

Behavioural biases, loss aversion, staying the course.

ISA, pension, CGT allowance, bed and ISA.

Yield, cover, aristocrats, reinvestment.

When and how to rebalance, threshold vs calendar.

Capacity, attitude, time horizon and asset allocation.

Fees, features, best for ISA, SIPP, GIA.

Lump sum vs regular investing, pros and cons.

Markets, instruments, and the difference from investing.

Exchanges, order books, bid-ask spread.

Candlestick, bar, line charts and timeframes.

Key levels, breakouts, and fakeouts.

Uptrend, downtrend, moving averages.

Volume confirms price, divergence signals.

Doji, hammer, engulfing, morning star.

Head and shoulders, triangles, flags.

SMA, EMA, crossovers, golden/death cross.

Relative strength index, overbought/oversold.

Signal line, histogram, divergence trading.

Volatility, squeeze, mean reversion.

Key levels, extensions, confluence.

Position sizing, stop-loss, risk-reward ratio.

Fear, greed, discipline, journaling.

Market, limit, stop, trailing stop orders.

Testing strategies on historical data.

Rules, entry/exit criteria, review process.

Over-trading, revenge trading, ignoring stops.

Paper trading, demo accounts, going live.

Place value, ordering, rounding, estimation.

Equivalent fractions, operations, mixed numbers.

Converting, ordering, percentage of amounts.

Simplifying, sharing, direct and inverse proportion.

Expressions, substitution, simplifying terms.

One-step, two-step, equations with brackets.

Factorising, formula, completing the square.

Elimination, substitution, graphical method.

Angle rules, parallel lines, polygons.

Finding sides, 3D Pythagoras, proofs.

SOH CAH TOA, finding angles and sides.

Single events, tree diagrams, conditional.

Mean, median, mode, range, interquartile range.

Variance, SD for samples and populations.

First principles, power rule, chain rule.

Reverse of differentiation, definite integrals, area.

nCr, probability, mean and variance.

Z-scores, standard normal, inverse normal.

Null and alternative, significance levels, conclusions.

Column vectors, magnitude, direction, scalar product.

Setting up, NumPy, pandas, basic analysis.

DataFrames, cleaning, merging, time series.

Matplotlib, candlestick charts, custom styling.

Descriptive stats, distributions, scipy.stats.

Random walks, portfolio simulation, VaR.

Option pricing, the Greeks, implied volatility.

Efficient frontier, Sharpe ratio, optimisation.

OLS, R-squared, multiple regression, residuals.

Stationarity, ARIMA, forecasting.

VaR, CVaR, Sortino ratio, max drawdown.

Strategy testing, performance metrics, pitfalls.

Classification, regression, random forests, XGBoost.

Perceptrons, backpropagation, TensorFlow basics.

Yahoo Finance, Alpha Vantage, FRED, web scraping.

Event-driven systems, execution, live deployment.